The sharnai is a traditional wind instrument of the Rathwa tribe that occupies pride of place in their music traditions. The instrument represents melodic harmony and is utilized during ceremonies. It is believed that the sound from the sharnai calls for spiritual presence and sets the ambiance of respect and partnership during cultural festivities. The Rathwa tribe mainly inhabits forested areas of Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh. The Rathwa people are colorful and vibrant, skilled artisans in the making of traditional instruments, and completely dependent on forest resources. Dance, music, and ritual express their cultural identity, portraying strong connections with ancestral heritage.

The sharnai is made of bamboo, carefully selected for strength and flexibility. With artistic designs externally, the bamboo is cut and carved into the hollow structure capable of producing distinct melodies. The tribal knowledge behind selecting and shaping bamboo makes the making of sharnai possible. The sharnai is played in functions and festivals, in addition to public gatherings and ceremonies, together with the Big drum/ Bada Dhol and thali. The sharnai flourishes during Holi, where its tuneful melodies intermingle with booming rhythms of the drums, ushering in a vibrant and joyous atmosphere. The sharnai for the Rathwa tribe embodies their creative ability and age-old wisdom. It is believed that the sound of the sharnai gives protection against evils and blesses the people. The cultural importance of sharnai makes it a cherished possession that is passed from one generation to the next, in itself symbolizing the continuity of cultural values and spiritual practices of the community.