Bhagoriya Dance

Bhagoria dance popular in Bhilanchal of western Madhya Pradesh is a traditional dance of the Bhil, Bhilala, Barela and Palia communities, the largest Bhil tribe group in Madhya Pradesh in terms of population. The special weekly market held just before Holi in Bhilanchal is called Bhangarya or Bhagoria Haat, in which the people of the Bhil tribe group participating enjoy performing this artistic unique group dance. People from far and near the Bhil tribal community participate in this festival organized once a year. This festival also provides an opportunity for mutual interaction and for new people to get acquainted with each other. Marriageable young men and women also get a chance to choose their life partner of their choice in this fair. Let us try to know more about the Bhagoria festival and the special dance performed in it.

Introduction and History

Beginning and Background

Before Bhagoria dance, let us look at the Bhil tribe group associated with it. In the list of Scheduled Tribes issued by the Government of India for Madhya Pradesh, Bhil, Bhilala, Barela and Palia communities are listed at number 7. We will call them Bhil tribal group. According to the census of the year 2011, the total population of this group was fifty nine lakh ninety three thousand two hundred ninety one (59,93,291), which is 39.13 percent of the total tribal population of Madhya Pradesh. This shows that the population of the Bhil tribal group is more than other tribes in Madhya Pradesh. This tribal group mainly resides in the areas of Jhabua, Alirajpur, Dhar, Khargone, Barwani, Ratlam, Mandsaur etc. of western Madhya Pradesh. Apart from Madhya Pradesh, the population of Bhil tribe group is also in Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka and some other states. The origin of the word Bhil is believed to be from 'Vill' or 'Villu' of the Dravidian language family, meaning bow. The word 'Vill' started being pronounced as 'Bhill' over time, which later became 'Bhil'. In Sanskrit, 'Bhidanti iti Bhillah' means the one who pierces is a Bhil i.e. Bhil. In the Mahabharata period, Bhil Kumar Eklavya became a great archer.
Bhagoriya is the traditional dance of the Bhil tribe group. This dance originated in the Bhagoria festival. Therefore, it is mainly performed in Bhagoriahat. If we go into the history of Bhagoriahat, we come to know that earlier Bhilanchal had three parts - Bhagor, Palwa and Rath. Bhagor village, located near present-day Jhabua, was the capital of the Bhagor state at that time. It was settled by Bhagga Raja i.e. Bhagorya Bhairu. It was this king who started organizing the Vasantotsav on the occasion of Holi in the capital Bhagor. In that grand fair organized in Bhilkshetra, people of the Bhil community, along with their families, used to participate in it, dancing and singing with traditional instruments. The atmosphere was so joyous that a unique dance form developed there in the impulse of joy. It was a rare occasion for community interaction. New relationships were formed there and useful goods were also purchased. That multifaceted festival became famous as Bhagoriahaat and the rainbow dance performed in it was called Bhagoria dance.

Introduction to Bhil Tribe

Let us now know the Bhil tribe more closely. So it is one of the major tribes of India, which is mainly present in Madhya Pradesh. This tribe is known for its unique cultural heritage, traditions, and social life.
The history of this tribe is linked to ancient times. As mentioned earlier, it is believed that the word Bhil is derived from the word "Vill", which means "bow". This tribe is famous for its traditional use of bow and arrow. Bhils are also mentioned in ancient texts like Mahabharata and Ramayana. The villages of this community are usually located in hilly and forest areas. The main language of the Bhil tribe is Bhili, apart from this Bhilali, Bareli and Palia languages are also used by the related communities. Apart from this, Hindi, Gujarati, Marathi and other regional languages are also spoken by the people of this community at some places. Bhil tribe society is patriarchal, in which the head of the family is a man. Their society has a tribal structure, where each clan has its own chief. The main occupation of the Bhil tribe is based on agriculture and forest produce. They cultivate jowar, millet, maize, and oilseeds. Apart from this, hunting and fishing are also included in their traditional occupations. Holi, Diwali and Bhagoria are the main festivals of the Bhil tribe.

Characteristics of the Dance

Now we will learn the main characteristics of Bhagoria dance. As mentioned earlier, this dance is a major traditional dance of the Bhil tribe, which is especially performed during the festival of Holi in the Bhagoria Haat. The characteristics of this dance make it unique and culturally significant.

Main Features

1. Symbol of love and marriage The traditional dance Bhagoria provides an opportunity to the young men and women of the Bhil community to choose their life partner of their choice and propose marriage. This dance is seen as a symbol of love and marriage in this society.
2. Traditional costumes During the dance, the dancers and dancers wear traditional Bhil costumes. Men wear dhoti, kurta and turban, while women wear Ghaghra Choli and Odhani. Their jewelry and makeup are also traditional.
3. Music and instruments: However, traditional Bhil music is used during this dance. It includes instruments like dhol, mandal, flute and shehnai, which maintain the beat and rhythm of the dance.

Common Steps and Their Description

The steps, or padas, of Bhagoria dance reflect its uniqueness and cultural heritage. These steps not only make the dance lively, but also fill it with enthusiasm and energy.

1. Aadi Taal: This step is performed at the beginning of the dance. The dancers stand in a circle and move to the beat of the dholak or mandal. In this padmudra, the dancers move in the same direction and move their steps according to the beat, which creates the harmony of the dance.
2. Rotating Step: In this step, the dancers move while moving in place. This step adds speed and energy to the dance. The dancers move in circles in sync with each other and also move their hands rhythmically. In this step, the dancers often wave their traditional clothes, which makes the scene extremely attractive.
3. Parallel Step: In this step, the dancers move together in the same direction. This step shows harmony and unity in the dance. The dancers lift their legs up together and then slowly put them down, which creates a rhythm and beat in the dance.
4. Crossing Step In the crossing step, the dancers move forward by crossing their legs. This step adds variety and complexity to the dance. The dancers move in the opposite direction of each other and then return. In this step, the dancers also cross their hands and move, which makes the dance scene even more impressive.
5. Jhoomta Step: The Jhoomta step infuses enthusiasm and energy in the dance. In this step, the dancers move by slightly swinging their bodies. They sway in sync with each other and also move their hands according to the beat. This step creates a rhythm and coordination in the dance, which excites both the dancers and the audience.
6. High Jump: In this step, the dancers jump high from their place. This step adds uniqueness and vigour to the dance. The dancers jump together and then come back to their positions and keep the rhythm. In this step, the dancers wave their traditional clothes, which makes the dance scene very attractive and lively.
   

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Rhythm and Tal

Let us now understand the rhythm and taal of Bhagoria dance. Understanding the rhythm and taal of Bhagoria dance makes it special and impressive. The rhythm and taal of the dance not only controls the exuberance of the dancers’ movements but also adds depth and joy to the audience’s experience.

Identifying the tempo and taal of the dance

1. Importance of rhythm and taal: Rhythm is the framework of the dance, which consists of a fixed number of beats. Rhythm is of special importance in Bhagoria dance, as it controls the steps and movements of the dancers. Rhythm is given through dhol, modal and other percussion instruments. Rhythm and taal are the steps on which the dancers set their footsteps, give them momentum and perform the movements. The rhythm of Bhagoria dance is enthusiastic and lively, which brings energy and enthusiasm to the dance.
2. Rhythm structure: The rhythm structure in this dance is simple and attractive. The most common form of taal is 8-matra, called the 'aath maani' taal. Apart from this, 6-matra and 12-matra are also used in some dances. The dancers increase their steps according to the taal, which maintains harmony and synchronicity in the dance. For example, in aath maani taal, the dancers repeat their steps after every 8-matra.
3. Speed of the rhythm: The rhythm of Bhagoria dance is generally fast and enthusiastic. The dancers move at a fast pace and display their energy and enthusiasm. The speed of the rhythm may change at different stages of the dance. For example, the rhythm may be slow at the beginning of the dance, which gradually becomes faster. This change in speed adds variety and complexity to the dance.

Different categories of taal and their use

Now let us try to know the different types of taal and their use in Bhagoria dance. The different types of taals and their use in this dance give a specific rhythm and structure to the dance. There are generally three main types of taals in Bhagoria dance: Aath Maani Taal, Chhah Maani Taal, and Twelve Maani Taal.

1. Aath Maani Taal: Aath Maani Taal is the most popular taal in this dance. It has eight beats through which the dancers move their steps in a balanced and harmonious manner. This taal is used in the beginning and main steps of the dance, where the dancers move in a circle and move their hands rhythmically according to the beat. Aath Maani Taal helps in maintaining a steady and balanced rhythm in the dance.
2. Chhah Maani Taal Chhah Maani Taal has six beats and is used in the middle and quick steps of the dance. This taal infuses speed and energy into the dance. The dancers move fast on this taal and move their bodies rhythmically. The use of Chhah Maani Taal creates an atmosphere of enthusiasm and excitement in the dance, which motivates both the dancers and the audience.
3. Twelve-Mani Taal Twelve-Mani Taal adds complexity and variety to this dance. It has twelve beats, through which the dancers present their steps in a more elaborate and varied manner. This taal is used in the highest stages of the dance and in special performances. With Twelve-Mani Taal, the dancers display their art by performing various dance postures, which makes the dance even more attractive and impressive.

Costumes and Instruments

Now we will learn about the traditional and modern costumes of Bhagoria dance. Traditional and modern costumes add to its uniqueness and attraction. Popular as a cultural heritage of the Bhil tribal group, the costumes in this dance reflect the identity of the dancers and their cultural values.

Traditional and Contemporary Costumes

Traditional Costumes:

1. Let us now know the traditional costumes of men. If seen, men wear white or colored dhoti and kurta. Dhoti is wrapped around the waist and the kurta has long sleeves and also tie a traditional safa i.e. turban on the head, which is colorful. It is tied in a special way. Their traditional jewelry includes bangles, toe rings, and earrings.
2. Similarly, colorful ghagra (long skirt) and choli (blouse) are prominent in the traditional costumes of women. This dress is adorned with their traditional embroidery and designs. They wear a colorful dupatta (scarf) to cover the head and shoulders, which is wrapped in a special way. Women's jewelry includes bangles, necklaces, nose rings, earrings, and anklets. These ornaments are an important part of their traditional attire.

Let us now understand their modern attire by looking at them. In modern times, men have started wearing shirts and pants, which give them a modern feel along with traditional attire. Some men also wear jackets and blazers. Such attire is seen during dance performances in special events. Some women have started wearing sarees instead of traditional ghagra choli, which gives them a modern feel. Salwar-kameez is also a popular modern dress, which women wear during dance. Modern designer dresses, which are a mix of traditional and modern elements, are becoming popular among Bhil women.
Traditional and modern costumes in Bhagoria dance play an important role in maintaining its uniqueness and cultural heritage. Traditional costumes reflect the cultural identity of the Bhil tribe, while modern costumes give a contemporary touch to the dance. The combination of these costumes gives a unique and attractive look to the Bhagoria dance, allowing both the dancers and the audience to enjoy this cultural event to the fullest.

Characteristics of costumes and their cultural significance

Now let us understand the characteristics of these costumes and their cultural significance. The characteristics of traditional and modern costumes used in Bhagoria dance and their cultural significance are as follows:

1. Traditional men's:
   Costume Men's costume consists of white or colored dhoti and long-sleeved kurta. These clothes are comfortable and suitable for dancing. They also have cultural significance. Dhoti and kurta are the traditional costumes of the Bhil tribe, which reflect their cultural identity. This costume symbolizes their rural and natural lifestyle. The colourful turban tied in a special way on the head has cultural significance and is also a symbol of pride and honour for men. It reflects social and cultural prestige in Bhil society. Jewelleries like bangles, toe rings and earrings have cultural significance as well as a connection with community identity. They also reflect social prestige. These jewellery are made of silver, gilt and khadi metals in traditional designs, which preserve their heritage.
2. Traditional dress of women:
   Women's colorful Ghagra (long skirt) and Choli (blouse) are decorated with embroidery and traditional designs. Ghagra Choli is the traditional dress of Bhil women. It also reflects their cultural identity and social status. It is a symbol of their lifestyle and cultural heritage. The importance of Odhni is that apart from covering the head and shoulders, colorful Odhni (dupatta) is also a symbol of modesty and honor of women. It is an important part of traditional dress, which reflects the social status and religious beliefs of women. Bangles, necklaces, nose rings, earrings and anklets are prominent among the ornaments. These traditional ornaments of women reflect their cultural and social identity. These ornaments enhance their beauty and social status. They are made of traditional metals and designs.

Features and cultural significance of modern dresses:

1. Modern dress of men:
   There is an increase in the trend of wearing shirts and pants instead of traditional dhoti-kurta among Bhil youth, which It expresses their natural tendency to keep pace with the times and to keep pace with modernity. Their fondness for wearing jackets and blazers on special occasions should also be seen from this perspective. This attire is a symbol of a mixture of traditional and modern lifestyle. It is also a sign of awareness towards the changing environment.
2. Features of modern women's clothing:
   Saree is the traditional clothing of Indian society, which is also popular among Bhil women. This clothing incorporates both traditional and modern elements. Salwar-kameez is comfortable. This non-traditional clothing is becoming the favorite clothing of Bhil women. This clothing is a combination of their modern lifestyle and traditional values. The features of fusion clothing are that they are a mixture of traditional and modern elements.

Major instruments and their features

Now we will learn about the main traditional instruments played in Bhagoria dance. Their shape, size, structure and the musical sounds produced by them make them different and unique from other instruments and their combined musical waves increase the joy and gaiety of Bhagoria dance manifold. These instruments play an important role in giving momentum to the dance with their specific tune and rhythm. Such major instruments include Dhol, Mandal, Vahali (flute), and Fefaria (Shehnai):

1. Dhol: Dhol is the main instrument of this dance, which is known for its deep and resonant sound.
2. Mandal: Modal is another important instrument, which produces a lighter and sweeter sound than Dhol.
3. Vahali: Vahali i.e. flute is a melodious instrument, which adds melody and tone to the dance.
4. Fefaria (Shehnai): Fefaria (Shehnai) is an important instrument in the dances of the Bhil tribe, which produces a unique and heart-touching sound.

Conservation and Modern Influence

Now we will learn the method of preservation of traditional styles and methods. Preservation of traditional styles and methods is important especially in maintaining cultural heritage and community identity. There are some major styles and methods followed for the preservation of traditional dances like Bhagoria dance. These include educational efforts, organisation of cultural events and community participation.

Preservation of traditional styles and methods

It is important to include traditional dances and arts in the curriculum of schools and cultural institutions. This process provides information and training to the youth about their cultural heritage. Promoting the traditional Guru-Shishya tradition, where experienced artists pass on their knowledge and skills to the new generation of artists. This method plays an important role in keeping the traditional styles and methods alive. Organising cultural festivals at the local and national level where traditional dances and arts are performed. This provides a platform to the artists and increases their popularity among the general public.

Organising traditional dance competitions where participants perform and get rewarded. This inspires and encourages young artists. Forming community dance groups at the local level to work for the preservation of traditional dances and arts. These groups organise cultural programmes and provide support to the artists. Organising community workshops where training is given in traditional dances and arts. This method not only helps in teaching skills but also strengthens community organization.

Contribution to education and impact of media

It will also be interesting to know the role of Bhagoria dance in education and the impact of media on it. Education and media have important contributions in the cultural field. Bhagoria dance carries forward the ancient cultural heritage, hence, through education and media, Bhagoria can be made a medium of cultural awareness in the society.

1. By including Bhagoria dance in the curriculum of schools and colleges, students will get education about Indian culture and traditions of Bhil tribe. This dance can become an important part of cultural education, which connects the youth with their cultural heritage. Dance workshops and training programs should be organized, in which the nuances of various styles of Bhagoria dance can be taught. This not only gives dance skills to the students, but also develops an understanding of cultural values and traditions.
2. The education of Bhagoria dance increases community and social coordination. People from different backgrounds participate in a shared cultural experience, which strengthens social harmony. The practice of dance promotes physical fitness, coordination and creativity. It can be a healthy and stimulating activity for students, contributing to mental and physical development.

Influences of Media:

1. Media, especially television and online platforms, can play an important role in promoting this dance. People can watch and learn about the dance through performances and documentaries, thereby increasing cultural awareness. Broadcast of cultural festivals and events through media makes the dance reach a wider audience. It increases people's interest and understanding of the dance.
2. Providing video tutorials, and documentaries of Bhagoria dance on digital platforms. This content helps preserve the methods and styles of the dance for future generations. Sharing different aspects of the dance on social media, making it known to youth and global audiences. The culture of dance can be promoted through hashtags, posts and videos.

Conclusion

Bhagoria dance is a major cultural dance of the Bhil tribe of Madhya Pradesh, which is a reflection of their rich traditions, lifestyle and social structure. In this 2-hour course, we will get a comprehensive understanding of Bhagoria dance from its origin and historical background to its techniques, rhythm, costumes and instruments. The aim of this course is to make the participants understand the characteristics of Bhagoria dance and the importance of its preservation.

Review of Key Points and Techniques

Bhagoria dance is a major and colourful folk dance of the Bhil tribe, which is especially prevalent in the western regions of Madhya Pradesh. This dance is mainly performed during the Bhagoria festival celebrated on the occasion of Holi. To understand the origin and historical background of Bhagoria dance, we have to focus on the cultural and social heritage of the Bhil tribe. The Bhil tribe, which is one of the oldest and major tribes of India, lives close to nature. Bhagoria dance is a symbol of their culture, traditions and community life. This dance is not only a cultural event but also an important occasion for the youth of the Bhil tribe group to choose a life partner.
The cultural significance of this dance is unique, as it symbolizes collectivism, celebration, and community bonding. During the Bhagoria dance, the people of the Bhil community wear their traditional attire, wherein the women are adorned with colorful saris and jewelry, while the men wear traditional dhoti, kurta, and turban. During this dance, the dancers dance in a circle and adjust the rhythm of their steps to the sound of musical instruments like dhol, modal, and turi.
The characteristics of the Bhagoria dance lie in its dynamism and mass participation. It includes a variety of dance forms and variations, which make this dance even more rich. During the dance, different positions and techniques are used, such as right-left tilts, circular turns, and stepping in sync with different types of rhythms. To understand the rhythm and beats of this dance, it is necessary that there is harmony between both the dancer and the musician.
The main instruments used in Bhagoria dance include Dhol, Mandal, Turi, and Thali. The sound of these instruments adds to the liveliness of the dance and makes it even more attractive. The instruments are used to control the rhythm of the dance, which helps the dancers to keep pace with the beats. Apart from this, the costumes of Bhagoria dance are also an important feature of it. Traditional costumes and jewellery add to the beauty of the dance and reflect its cultural significance.