What is Pithora Painting?

Pithora Painting is a traditional figure painting of Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh in Rathwa tribe. It is essentially the cultural and religious principal of Rathwa tribals. It is the philosophy of religious priesthood and social life of Rathwa tribe in whose devotion Pithora Baba, the god of prosperity and wealth is worshiped.
"Baba Pithora", that represent religious, social and cultural life of the Rathwa tribe of Gujarath, is also an important mode of worship which is related to their religious faith. It is not a usual painting but an especial worship of Rathwa tribe painted in a special worship form. Constructed as part of the rites of worship, these paintings represent the spiritual and cultural inheritance of the tribe. Today, we have the idea of Baba Pithora painting as simply a famous painting in modern times, but it is a religious painting-essential part of tribe worship.
The significance of this mode of worship is not confined to art, but also encompasses the religious imprints and practices of the Rathwa tribe. Making of this painting is integral part of the religious ceremony, where gods are prayed for, good luck for the society is wished.
The image of Baba Pithora is not painted on the ground as the ground is believed to be very holy. This is why it’s only graphically painted at elevations, namely the walls. It is evident by being on the wall, that this painting serves a high and etheral purpose in the daily existence of the village.
Therefore, Baba Pithora is not only an expression of religious belief of Rathwa tribe but it is the symbol of their prestigious social life and cultural identity, which becomes a unique aesthetic form in present era. In this class we will look at this Pithora as a painting.
The folk tale of Pithora Painting dates back to olden days of caves and jewels. This art form is believed to have begun in the 11th century and was an integral part of rituals then. Pithora painting is exclusively done on the central wall of the house that is sacred and belongs to the gods and mythical ancestors of the Rathwa tribe.
This art is not just art is it both aesthetic and religious. Pithora Painting is generally created on house-spans, auspicious for them; for example, when married, birth, or when they are prosperous. This art is a community art that no one can do alone in the whole village the people clean, paint and worship the wall regularly.
The speciality of Pithora painting is that it not only has colours, it is geometrical in shape and design is dots. The image is frequently accompanied with the 7 stones, which represent the 7 rocks. They are painted with natural colors that are obtained from mixing milk with water. Artists make these buildings in an old style, and each painting represents a revival style.
Today pithora are not only found in rituals but also in sacred buildings and museum the exhibition of the art. There are ongoing attempts to save and protect it, so that this art can be passed on to the next settlement, and the hefty tradition around it continues to thrive.
Hence Pithora painting is religious faith, social life and cultural spice of Rathwa tribe and preserve and paint it with esteem and veneration till this day.

Introduction and Definition of Pithora Painting

Pithora painting is a specialized form of painting by the Rathwa tribes, meditated in Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh of central India. The distinctive artistic tradition is the source of an array of colours and motifs that is an amazing mirror of tribal beliefs and religious practices. The Pithora painting, apart from being a decorative art, is considered a sacred religious rite to gain divine blessings and good luck. The art is painted in the walls of houses with colorful and geometrical motifs.
Pithora painting is thought to be originated thousands of years ago. The grotto is associated with cave paintings which were an integral part of the tribes’ culture in the past. This folk art is supposed to have originated in the 11th century, where members of the tribal society in the regions of Western India depicted their religious and social life in the form of paintings.
The main patrons of Pithora painting are the Rathwas of the Chhota Udaipur area of Gujarat. The deity of the tribe is Pithora Baba, their god of harvest and prosperity. Thus, the Pithora painting is painted on the walls of the house for religious reasons and to worship the Gods.

Definition of Pithora Painting

Pithora painting is a religion and cultural ritual which is painted on special occasions. It is painted primarily on the he walls (lnteriors) of the house and is a ritual to mark marriage, harvest, child birth, pray the illness or problem away. Pithora Paintings are known for their bright and lively looking images of human figures, animals, nature and deities.
What is Pithora Painting? Pithora is not only a painting; it is more of a cultural and religious practice, without which life can hardly complete amongst the Rathwa tribe. This art is the figure to express the faith system, social relationship and cultural inheritance of the tribal society. Even today the Pithora painting is quite valuable and attempts are being made to safeguard and promote the art.

Brief Introduction of Rathwa Tribe

The Rathwa tribe largely lives in Chhota Udaipur in Gujarat and the borders of Madhya Pradesh. This is one of the largest tribal communities in India and they have rich cultural and religious traditions. The Rathwa folk is uniquely distinguished by their age-old Pithora paintings, which forms the core of their religious practices and beliefs.
The Rathwa community take their faith and religious rites very seriously. Their principal deity is Pithora Baba. Pithora Baba is their god of crops and wealth, so they attempt to propitiate him by painting these walls.
They are primarily agriculturist and have a strong friendly society in their lives. This tribe too is accisotmed to maintain folklore and traditional customs - where folk-songs, dances and festivals play a vital role.
The cultural or religious or social functions are held jointly by the Rathwas. Wedding, birth and death customs are community-wide affairs. This spirit of community also finds expression in their festivals and celebrations involving their Pithora painting and other cultural practicesActivityResult.
It is a tribal community and the Rathwa people are still living a very rich tribal life with their own language and customs. They speak Rathvi, which is akin to Gujarati. In addition to this, The Rathwa tribe is also famous for their folk music and dance, which is performed in the local festivals and religious occasions.
In recent decades the Rathwa have underwent numerous changes in their traditional ways. Now, there is more scope in the education and jobs, but there are shift in the conventional life style also. Nevertheless, Rathwa tribe still holds on to its cultural heritage, predominantly in the form of Pithora painting.

Features of Pithora Painting

The characteristic traits of Pithora Painting distinguish and set it apart as a unique tribal art form. The technique and style of this art is very unique and this art is inday’s world just not the religious beliefs, but it also personifies them as themselves and also their culture of Rathwa tribe. Some of the characteristics of Pithora Painting:

1. Religious and Cultural Significance

Pithora Paintings are a essential part of Rathwa tribal worship. It is usually performed to propitiate Pithora Baba, and demand prosperity. The religious value of this painting is so strong that the practitioners paint this picture on any special occasion like marriage, harvest or to solve any major problem in life. Pithora Paintings are considered to be an act of worship, seems like the gods are blessing at the same time.

2. Symbolic use of figures

The characters of Pithora Painting are replete with religious as well as social significance. It primarily portrays Pithora Baba and other gods and goddesses that symbolize the religious faith of the Rathwa clan. Of particular significance in the painting are the seven horses, representing the faith in the mountains and Pithora Baba. Besides this, scenes of marriages, cattle rearers and other aspects of tribal life are also shown.

3. Unique use of colors

And colors applied to it is another prominent feature of Pithora painting. These natural colors are made from the earth, plants and minerals. Primarily white, red, yellow, green, blue and orange are colors used, made with natural dyes. White color (a "clean background" colour) is also made from cow s milk. Gods and notable elements of life are represented by the colour.

4. Mural painting style

The prime location for Pithora painting is on house walls on the interior courtyard walls of the house. It is a kind of wall painting type with large size. So that the walls make a suitable basis, they are coated with cow-dung, and one kind of ochre.

5. Geometric and dotted style

Pithora has heavy usage of geometric figures is nuanced by the dotted line style, which makes it distinct. This design is borne out of the tradition of tribal art, that represents religious and social life by way of simple yet symbolic motifs. Tiny dots around the figures bring the painting to life and are incorporated into the traditional methods used by tribal artists.

6. Community participation

Pithora painting is not singular, but a communal act. All the walls have to be cleaned and every villager prepares a portion of the paint and takes part in the final portrayal. This is a collective ritual that we all participate in. It's a symbol of honor and working together in tribal community.

7. Use of natural materials

The Pithora paintings are made exclusively with natural substances. The painting is made from mud, cow dung, ochre both green and red, adorned with the base of cow milk and the hues achieved are all natural. The oldest method of painting has still been retained and the Rathwas till today produce this art with the traditional way.

8. Storytelling

They are not mere figures but each figure has a story attached to it. It shows scenes of everyday life including marriage, farming, animal herding, birth, and other religious rites. So the Pithora paintings make alive the mythology and religious rituals of the tribal world.

9. Stylistic Variation

The style of Pithora painted images may differ marginally from one tribal belt to another. Though the basic elements of this scene remain the same, different artists slightly modify it according to the regional traditions and local beliefs. For instance, the colors, and the subject of the painting may differ but their purpose remains the same, that is, for the religious and social purpose, it is used to call upon the gods.

10. Contemporary Relevance

In present century, Pithora painting is not just confined to the religious worship, but has become more of a decorative item and can be found in art exhibitions as well. This art has also entered the modern sociality and artists have begun painting it on canvas and other forms too. This modernization of Pithora paintings has artists also getting recognized as contemporary artists.
Pithora painting's unique characteristics set it apart as a tribal art. Its religious and cultural profundity, its special use of colors and symbols, and social components make it an art system sacred and also highly significant. Pithora painting, not only represents the cultural heritage of the Rathwa tribe, but also portrays their religious belief and the socio-political structure society.

History and Religious Significance of Pithora Painting

Pithora Painting (Western India) Pithora Painting, a traditional art of the Rathwa tribe, one of the ancient tribes of central India, primarily in the region of Chhota Udaipur, Gujarat, India. It has its origin somewhere in the 11th century when the tribal people started using this art form to express their religious and cultural beliefs.
Pithora Painting was created by the Rathwa community to worship their god, Pithora Baba. The painting goes back to the era when primitive tribes used colours from bark to portray their religious convictions and social life. The painting is a representation of the gods' blessings and an invitation for life to be a fertile ground through religious practice.
Pithora Painting Pithora was essentially a community practice of painting on the walls, where the residents of the village would group and paint. It then served not only a religious rite but as a representation of community co-operation and solidarity. The male and female figures and other symbols in the painting represent slivers of tribal life including engaging in agriculture, marriages to social activities.
Spirituality in Pithora painting Aesthetic representation of religious beliefs Pithora painting has religious relevance that runs deep in the culture of the Rathwa clan. This art is no merely decorative but its primary purpose is to offer to the gods and bring blessings to the family. Pithora Baba (God of Harvest and Prosperity)-The Rathwas worship Pithora Baba as the deity of the tribe.
Members of family receives the blessing of their deity through the painting on special occasions such as marriage, childbirth, during harvesting process and other important pir0exn0ojw0jn0wh0 cf0e0 events. Now, whenever a new wall is constructed or an important event happens in the house, Pithora painting becomes necessary, in order to pray for auspiciousness and prosperity.

Cultural and Historical Background of the Rathwa Tribe

The Rathwa are an Indian tribal community found in the state of Gujarat. This tribe is one of the Indian tribal groups and has a history of centuries. The lifestyle of the people of Rathwa is based on agriculture and livestock. They are noted for their communal existence where they cooperate and share religious ceremonies.
The past of the Rathwa community is bound up with a number of social and cultural influences. The history states that the Rathwa tribe was in the past a warlike tribe, fighting for protection and respect. This tribe is best known for their Pithora paintings which represent their faith and culture.

Cultural Background

The Rathwas have a very colorful heritage with a rich tradition. They speak Rathvi a close dialect of Gujarati. The tribe is famous for its dances, folklore and songs with records describing history, tradition and customs.
Religious Practices: The principal religious ceremony observed by the Rathwas is Pithora Baba pooja. Pithora Baba, the god of cereals and prosperity is the deity the tribe worships. Pithora paintings are made for this puja, on the walls of their houses.
Customs and Ceremonies: Rathwa is family and society oriented. Their wedding, birth and death ceremonies require with cooperation of all members of the community. Occasionally, such as weddings or festivals, they sing and dance traditional music, keeping them connected with their culture.
Arts and Crafts: Pithora paintings of the Rathwa tribe are not merely works of art but are also illustrations of their religious beliefs. Embassies have hung the paintings, which illustrate religious rituals and key moments in people’s lives, and the artists make them with the materials they know.

Current Status

The traditional Rathwa way of living is much different and has drastically changed over the years. With better education and healthcare, members of this tribe have entered businesses, too. Yet they still feel proud (at least until the beginning of this century) about their culture and tradition which they carry on through outliving Pithora paintings. The tribe has begun to achieve economic self-sufficiency through their paintings being sold in art shows and markets.
The Rathwas draw inspiration from the cultural and historical roots of their tribe. Their faith, culture and art are not only established in their lives but also displays an array of Indian culture. The identity of their tribe is inscribed through their Pithora paintings, an art as well as a religious practice.

Origin of Pithora Painting and its Cultural Significance

Pithora Painting has its roots in the religious and cultural life of the Rathwa tribe and originated in the Chhota Udaipur area of Gujarat, India. The art was believed to have begun around the 11th century during the time when the tribes were getting increasingly used to it to illustrate their beliefs and way of living. The main reason for this painting is to reverence Pithora bawa, the lord of the Rathwa tribe, and to request his blessings.
The name Pithora Painting is derived from the term “Pitora” which itself means ‘painted’ or ‘painting’. This art is made on walls, particularly in the inner walls of house, and the figures are seen to depict deities and other related things, the rites of passage like marriage of women, farming, and the celebration of harvest. It is made with a natural colored paint that is created from soil, plants & minerals it is left unvarnished and thus retains the feeling of nature.

Cultural significance

The cultural relevance of Pithora paintings can be observed at multiple levels:

• Religious belief: The main objective of Pithora painting revolves around the worship of Pithora Baba. According to Rathwa tribe they are blessed to have a blessing from there deity with this mural which means they will have good crops and happiness in the family. This art is not merely art to be used at the religious ceremony, it also embodies the identity of the tribe.
• Community unity: The act of Pithora painting also is indicative of unity in community. When a special event is arranged the community enters the whole and draws on the walls. It is performed as a public ceremony which fosters the communal spirit of togetherness and co-operation.
• Preservation of culture:Pithora painting enables the preservation of tribal culture in different ways. The designs and designs it carries represent their social life, traditional rituals and religious beliefs. This art form still survives and the people of the Rathwa tribe consider it a part of their culture.
• Modern Context: A religion-oriented art- Pithora is not only confined to temples but has been able to make a mark as an art form. Art exhibitions and market presence spread, also contributing to the protection of tribal art. Now the younger lot is evincing interest in embracing and preserving this art.

The roots of Pithora painting can be traced to the rituals and customs of the Rathwa community. It is not only a religious ritual but an act to maintain unity, cultural preservation and identity of a community in the modern day. This form of art is an identity of the Rathwa tribe and indispensable for the future generations.

Worship and Religious Rituals of Pithora Deity

Being worshipped as a god of agriculture, bounty and prosperity in Rathvas. It is said that tribal people get good harvest and prosperity in the family with the grace of Pithora baba. He is mostly worshiped by their Pithora painting painted on the wall, it represents their faith.
Pithora is the deity of the adivasis of Chhota Udaipur district of Gujarat and in Jabua, Jobat and Aliraipur district of Madhya Pradesh, Pithora is a fine specimen of wall painting of this tribal community. This is a community that has faith in nature. It is another belief of this society that God lives in all natural things such as in the forest, land, in the moon, sun, flora fauna and controls the whole world and living beings. The deity in whom the people believe to this power is known as Baba Pithora Dev. The family, and the whole community, come together to sing and to paint pretty pictures on the walls of the house. Pithora is believed to be the Kul-Devta of Gujarati tribal clan Rathwa. Pithora is the primeval culture of the Rath Pargana. Let it be the curse of God or it may be that God is angry or maybe it is the soul of a dead person who did that.
Here the householder start for Badvo with urad in Khakhar leaves. Badvo throws two or three grains of oil into the ground and into a box of water, and repeats some words. Then, he says to the householder, see, God is angry or this one is annoyed or this soul of a dead clan person is disturbing so there is no happiness in your house. To prevent the vengeance of God or the anger of the soul at today's householder, he must swear that he will perform the Pangu at some five or seven-year distance of time. If the householder slnll have settled his difficulty before the expiry of this oath.
Then he has to draw an image of Pithora God on the wall to keep his promise. Virgin girls for a week plaster the wall to be painted and the neighbouring space of the house with mud mixed with cowdung. On the day of painting Pithora, the householder (Lakhara Munda) gives the Pithora dancer and the Badvo priest a bath with hot water and provides them with dry clothes to wear. After this, the painter worships the wall at a plate in which a lamp, rice, vermilion and prayer and then mahuda wine is poured is placed collectively. When preparing the Pithora painting, a broad border resembling a mountain is drawn first, this is known as border of the earth. In the center of Pithora main horse, one is, the village deity and another horse is the mother of Pithora, named Rani Kajal. The third is saddle horse, fourth horse is of main Pithora (Which have parrot in its hand), the fifth horse is of Pitho Rani, the sixth horse is of Kalya and seventh is of Hoka Ganesh. Pithor is done at the bottom and King Bhoj’s elephant and cart is done in the middle.
After that, “farmer doing farming”, “grain carrying granary”, “twelve-headed king Ravana”, “Mahudanu tree”, “palm tree and climbing man”, “well”, “water carrying goat”, “chicken family”, “cow singing in the field”, “Tihtyo”, “Kalu king’s horse”, “Damordev hunting in the upper portion”, “Rathwa people dancing and singing”, “Hatraaj Devta riding on camel”, “five monkeys in the middle”, “snake”, “scorpion”, “ant”, “police post”, “Rathwa couple”, “copulating couple” etc. have been portrayed with nature and creatures. Painted around them, 5 horses who are a stand and a couple of horses from great grandfathers.

Symbolic meaning

Singer singing about Pithora and Dhak Dakalu accompany the picturized story of each personality of the Pithora painting. The women of the household also sit together in the house and sing Pithora songs. The place where Pithora is painted is regarded as a holy and sacred one. To propitiate Lord Indra, cut branches of five or seven Kanbi trees are planted in a mixture of sol and cow-dung and worshipped outside the house. In addition, children, youth, women and elders beat big drums, play other instruments, shout slogans, sing and dance. The priest makes offerings of Pithora, goat, chicken and urad dal Dhebra to gratify the god. Everyone eats this prasad. A border of 4.75 inches is made by preparing a plywood board on all four sides and mixing white soil of village with Fevicol. Subsequently this painting of Pithora was made within 30-32 days with hand made paint brushes on Paint Poster (4.5 x 11.9 Feet).

Puja Process

The worship of the Pithora God is a costly, colourful and complex ritual which involves major acts of the following kind:

• Painting Creation: The worship process starts with making of Pithora painting. This painting is generally created on walls, and it involves insignia of Pithora Baba with gods goddesses and other paraphernalia of worship. This is not simply a painting but a religious practice that is prepared to worship Pithora Devta.
• Rituals and Mantras: Once created, the ritual of the painting starts. It is the chanting of unique mantras and the chanting is done in the local language. These mantras are to seek blessings from Pithora Baba and to invite prosperity.
• Qurbani: Some communities also have a practice of Qurbani, the sacrifice of chickens or goats, during the puja. It is frequently performed as a sign of commitment and love. This offering is made to propitiate Pithora Baba and gain favours from him.
• A Community Festival: The worship of Pithora Devta is a community festival. In the meantime, everyone in the village comes together, sings, and dances together. It is more than just a religious tradition, it’s about coming together as a community.

Religious significance

The worship of Pithora is part of the religious and cultural expression of the Rathwas. It applies to different elements of their lives, such as agriculture, family relations, and working together for the community. By means of this worship, the tribe attempts to maintain contact with their god and to keep their religious beliefs alive.
The worship of Pithora and the religious practices are of significance in the life of the Rathwa. It thus not only symbolises their faith, but also promotes the feeling of unity and collaboration within the community. Pithora painting is an important aspect of this ritual, serves to preserve the cultural heritage of the tribe.

Depiction of Gods and Goddesses in Pithora Painting

Pithora painting is an exclusive art of the Rathwa folk tribe with a large number of gods and goddesses included in them. "And this is part of a representation of spirituality, to show that these are people in the Navajo Nation and they're living as people in the Navajo Nation.

• Pithora Baba: The foremost god in the Pithora paintings, Pithora Baba is believed by the Rathwa tribe to be the god of harvest and prosperity. He is adored in several religious ceremonies and in many images of him, he is shown with horses, which represent power and protection.
• Other deities:The paintings also show other deities. These portraits generally depict their unique features and their symbols. They are not only religious symbolic, but are also illustrative of different sides to tribal life.
• Tales and Fables:The paintings also show other deities. These portraits generally depict their unique features and their symbols. They are not only religious symbolic, but are also illustrative of different sides to tribal life.

Gods, goddesses and other characters depicted in the Pithora painting are an integral part of the tribal culture. It is not just a profession of faith but a commitment to community solidarity and cooperative activity. The painting is made with the participation of an entire community, the community gathers and does it, and it’s a collective ritual.

Features and Techniques of Pithora Painting

Pithora is a unique and traditional art of Rathwa tribe that is not merely an art of worship but that of whole culture. This painting is unique in its features and style.
Its unique features and techniques differentiate Pithora painting from the rest of the paintings. In addition to its religious belief and cultural value, this art serves as an identity of the Rathwa tribe and occupies distinct position in the context of Indian art. It preserves the tribal life with traditional art methods and natural materials.

Dotted and Geometric Style of Pithora Painting

Pithora painting, one of the auspicious art forms of the Rathwa community, is characterised by its dotted and geometric style. This representation merely serves to highlight the cultural and religious significance of this great art as well as its visual appeal.

Dotted Style

1. Distinctive Shapes:The shapes are in special shaped, different from the general stones which are usually encrusted as cabochons. These dots are in various hues and they add variety and depth to the painting. In the picture are often depicted with dots different aspects of life: human, animals and the nature.
2. Sensitivity and Detail: The picture print on polka dot is accurate and the images are very detailed, delicate enough to see the fine patterns. This way of painting shows a sense of consideration and care for the shown figures as well as their religious beliefs by the Rathwa tribe.

Geometric Style

1. Combination of Shapes: The shapes, lines and dots drawn with the geometric style are clear and orderly; It includes triangles, circles and squares, which has the effect of giving the painting stability and balance. These forms can be found commonly in religious symbols and images of deities.
2. Use of colours: Choose the colors for your geometric patterns very carefully. The colours for their paint are typically extracted from a natural source – including mud, plants and minerals. The above not only makes the painting beautiful, but also more durable.

Cultural and religious relevance

Pithora Painting which is designed with dots along with rough square, square and triangular patterns shows the culture and religious life of the Rathwa tribe. Such representations reflect different face of their beliefs, customs and social stratification. The people create these paintings which represent congregation, and it is a part of their religious belief.
The dotted and geometric pattern on Pithora paintings is not only its uniqueness, but also a part of the culture of Rathwa tribe. This artwork maintains the identity of the Rathwa community and perpetuates their religious beliefs.

Use of Colours and Materials

The pithora painting is an exclusive art of Rathwa tribe and material, colors, etc have great significance. More than just contributing to the visual appeal of the painting however, the colours and materials used carry significant cultural and religious significance. Pithora The pithora painters prepare bowls of khakhra leaves and mix orange and red colors from sindur, yellow color from turmeric, balck color from kajal, green color from tree leaves, white clay, white color from lime and put drops musras wine, cow milk, brushes and bamboo sticks, etc.

Use of Colours

• Natural Colours: Origin of the colours the paint used in Pithora painting are natural colours. The colors are derived from the soil, plants and minerals. This is the classical and traditional, sustainable, time consuming nature of painting which also increases the quality and longevity of the painting.
• Sunflower Yellow: This color is typically associated with happiness and riches.
• Green: This colour represents naturalness and life, important for farming and a good harvest.
• Red: Strength and energy are symbolized by this colour, which is also used for religious depictions.
• Compatibility and balance:Colours are selected to paint with based on compatibility and harmony. The use of colours also practically harmonises and brightens the painting. The Rathwa tribal artists make sure to use each colour according to religious and cultural significance.

Materials used

• Wall surface for murals: Pithora paintings are predominantly done on the wall of the house, most importantly on the walls inside sacred spaces. They are flint or mud walls, offering a surface for the art.
• Tools: The Instruments for painting are also conventional; they include the hand-made brushes and fingers. The artists demonstrate how the subtlety of painting is still a concern when it comes to technique and commitment.
• Other materials: In some cases, flower petals and leaves or other natural elements are used as embellishments in the painting. These are the stuff of which the painting presents its particular visual stimulation and noematic depth.

Process and technical details of painting

The Pithora painting is a distinguished art of the Rathwa tribe, and it is not just a visual art, but also a form of religious ceremony. The technique and mechanics of this painting are what make it unique.

Process of painting

• Selection of surface: Surface The first thing to do in painting is choosing a material such as walls, cloth or paper. The painting is traditionally done on the walls of the interior of the house, particularly in the prayer room and in the central part of villages as a part of community rituals.

• Preparation of base: The surface is smoothed using mud or lime. The base is also easy to work on and makes for good painting. This technique contributes to the longevity of the painting.

• Preparation of colors:The colors are mixed using natural pigment (make color). The colors come from earth, plants and minerals. It's time consuming, but it's the only way to achieve that natural, full look to the painting.

• Drawing Technique: A mode of painting, in which painters draw the lines and then fill up the colours. Artists use dots and lines to draw in detail, depth and details of the painting.

• Completion and Rituals: The painting is completed and worshiped as a religious ritual. During this phase the worship mantras are verbally repeated followed by a copious outflow of mantras, this is reflected in the intensity of the painting with spiritual and cultural values.

Technical Details

• Tools: Painting is typically done with traditional brushes and fingers. This device endows the painting with greater intimacy and tenderness.

• Material Used: The raw material used in the painting is natural colours, sometimes even flower petals and leaves. These are what give the picture a kind of identity and dimension.

• Protection The finished painting can be varnished with a protective varnish to protect and preserve it for years to come. This will make the painting last longer and prevent any harm from occurring.

Contemporary Relevance of Pithora Painting

Interesting FactsOrd or Pithora painting, the art of the Rathwa tribe, is relevant in the world today for some reasons. Its topicality can be assessed at several levels:
These aspects of the Pithora emerge today as highly relevant in relation to Pithora painting, not only as an aesthetic art but as a statement of Rathwa cultural identity, a history of economic development and its awareness of social issues. Being protected, practiced professionally and being assimilated in modernity, Pithora painting will continue to be a living art form and will become important in the generations to come.

Importance of Pithora Painting in Modern Times

Rathwa Pithora- Now this old traditional art of the Rathwa tribe has got its modern significance. It is not only important as an artistic contribution, but bends to the elements of social, cultural and economic.

1. Preservation of Culture

Traditional Pithora paintings are the representation of the cultural heritage of the Rathwa's. In current era of globalisation, where local cultures are fast disappearing, Pithora painting needs to be saved. (Such savvies allow they of the tribe to maintain their identity and best history.)

2. Economic Development

Commercial exploitation of Pithora painting is also on the rise in present day. Several artists are showcasing their paintings in different art galleries, even in handicraft fairs and online portals. This provides employment to the people of the Rathwa tribe and sustains their living.

3. Integration into Modern Art

The themes of Pithora have been adopted to be used in contemporary art forms. Modern artists are using classic methods and patterns in their artwork, which is in turn giving new life to this art. This is innovation and creativity that brings Pithora painting into current space.

Padma Shri Pareshbhai Jayantibhai Rathwa one of India's most revered Pithora artist from Gujarat, who has gained recognition for preserving and promoting the ancient tribal art on both national and international stages. Pithora painting which has originated thousands of years ago have great cultural and spiritual significance for the Rathwa tribe. These paintings are traditionally used as votive offerings to the deities and form a pivotal part of religious worship, illustrating prayers and wishes for good health and success.

Commercial and Cultural Uses of Pithora Painting

Pithora painting which is a special art of the Rathwa tribe has never been so relevant as it is the present-day, both in commercial terms and as a cultural entity.

Commercial Uses

• Art Galleries and Exhibitions: Pithoras are exhibited in several art exhibitions and galleries. This is an opportunity for artists to get their work out to the masses. It provides new opportunities for sales and a revenue for the artists.

• Participating in Handcraft Fairs: Pithora paintings are recognized in various handcraft fairs and fests. The event is to promote artists belonging to the Rathwa tribe to showcase their art work and sell off the same. Besides, these fairs are a sure product for local economy too.

• Online Platform: Pithora paintings are also available in e-commerce platforms in the present digital age. This opens up a potential new market for Rathwa artists that facilitates their work, art and style to go global.

Cultural Uses

• Religious and Spiritual Symbol: One of the most obvious cultural usage of Pithora painting is its religious value. It is used by the Rathwa people in religious offerings. The portrayal of Apsaras in the painting and episodes of different divine stories in the art are meant to enrich the influences of spirit through the art.

• Community identity: Pithora painting plays a significant role in the Rathwas cultural identity. Local traditions, beliefs and social systems are reflected in this art. This is a tradition that is handed down from ancestor to ancestor and keeps the social solidarity and tribal identity of the herd.

• Education and Awareness: Workshops and training programmes are being conducted on Pithora painting which creates awareness among the new generation about the significance of the art and culture. And they are inspiring the next generation of young artists and connecting them to a community and culture.

Efforts for Art Conservation and Promotion

There are attempts at conserving and propagation of Pithora painting that is cherished heritage of Rathwa tribe. These endeavours are not simply necessary if this traditional art is to survive, they also contribute towards the preservation of the social and cultural identity of the Rathwa tribe.

1. Educational Programmes and Workshops

Workshops and educational programmes are being organised by many non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and cultural institutions for teaching Pithora painting and creating awareness about its significance. Local committees and students are involved in these programmes to enable them to learn the method and style of this art.

2. Art Galleries and Exhibitions

Pithora Certified pithora paintings are hung in differentiate galleries and art exhibits, which are where artists display and exhibit their paintings to the general population. This not only contributes to getting recognition for the artists, it also makes a way to the all those who are not that much aware of the importance of this art. Pithora painting special exhibition are held in many art festivals and that is also a good way to popularize it.

3. Digital Platforms and E-Commerce

Pithora paintings are getting displayed through digital medium using new techniques. Artists are harnessing social media and e-commerce sites to sell works they would otherwise not be able to, to a global audience. This method not only safeguards the art but also widens the artist’s market.

Prominent Pithora Artists and Their Contributions

Many renowned artist has contributed in Pithora painting, which has built the culture identity of Rathwa aaveat. One of such eminent artist and icon of the community is Padmashree Paresh Bhai Rathwa, who is being an exponent in saving, promoting and propagating the art of Pithora painting. Not only does her work preserve the traditional representation, it also represents this in the setting of contemporary art.
Another renowned artist is Shree Design Rathwa who has redefined the colours and designs in Pithora paintings. Their performance depicts age-old religious tales and cultural stories, drawing the audience into the rich historical tradition of the tribe.
These artists are not just making a contribution to the art as a whole, but they are also instrumental in saving the culture and tradition of the Rathwa tribe, and ensuring its survival among the current generation. Their effort portrays Pithora painting as a live art continuing to inspire future generations.

Introduction to Prominent Pithora Artists

Pithora painting of the Raths of Gujarat is a unique and truly a resplendent form of tribal art which is appreciated worldwide for its unique attributes and cultural setting. There are number of distinguished artists in this art, who have not only given recognition to this art with their wonderful works of this art, but also have taken it to a new level in the present age.

1. Padmashree Paresh Bhai Rathwa

Padmashree Paresh Bhai Rathwa is a significant figure in Pithora painting. He is reputed to be one of the most famous artists from the Rathwa tribe. Padmashree Paresh Bhai Rathwa has led the global identity of Pithora painting. His works are a true blend of the old and the new.
The paintings of Padmashree Paresh Bhai Rathwa portray Gods and Goddesses, and the historical lifestyle of Rathwa. His contribution is not just significant for the religious rights but it is also a tool for conserving the techniques and the stories of Pithora paintings. The art of Padmashree Paresh Bhai Rathwa has given legitimacy to a new generation of Rathwa identity seekers.

2. Shree Desing Rathwa

The Pithora artist Shree Desing Rathwa is well-known for the innovative manner and diversity in which he has presented his works. Hussein's works apply traditional painting techniques and a new formula. Rathwa’s paintings are rich in colors and complex in patterns to fascinate the audience.
His work is about the cultural narratives and mythology of the Rathwa tribe. Shree Desing Rathwa's painting are not just about traditional religiosity, but also are evidences about the position of an artist in his society. His art has also emphasized the social injustices of the tribe, so yes, his work is all the more pertinent.

3. Bholu Bhaiya

One more significant Pithora artist is Bholu Bhaiya, whose speciality is to create depth in conventional painting. His works reflect various aspects of Rathwa life from agriculture, festivals to the daily life. Bholu Bhaiya -the dotted and geometry patterns in bholu bhaiya's style makes the painting a unique one.
The process of Pithora painting has been kept alive through the paintings of Bholu Bhaiya and has been handed down to the younger generations. His effort makes this art become not solely accepted regionally however getting recognized globally.

4. Divyanshu Bhaiya

Divyanshu Bhaiya, a contemporary artist is also using modern symbols in pithora painting. His work crosses traditional painting and modern concerns. Thanks to his creativity, Pithora painting took a new turn and became more contemporary for the youth through Divyanshu’s paintings.
His paintings are equipped with messages of the environment, social issues and community bonding. Art is a significant instrument for society and Divyanshu has been attempting to create an awareness through his paintings.
These stalwarts of Pithora painting not only participate in conservation of the art but they are also engaged in development and popularisation. By their works, the folk art of Pithora painting continues and is a considerable part of Rathwa tribe’s tradition. The work of these artists contributes to the wealth and mutability of this art, blessing it with relevance that will outlive its creators.

Influence and style of their works

Pithora a painting which belongs to the cultural heritage of the Rathwa tribe, has taken the fancy of famous artists and has been acclaimed throughout the world. The artists of these regions have kept alive the traditional techniques of Pithora painting and applied it to their present-day lifestyle. Please feel free to tell us what are the impact and the style of these famous artists.

1. Padmashree Paresh Bhai Rathwa

The painted works of Padmashree Paresh Bhai Rathwa reveal a profound connection to Rathwa culture and lifestyle. His writings include deities, society and he also describes some of the rituals. His patterns are intricate and his colors bold, drawing the viewer in. Padmashree Paresh Bhai Rathwa has given new identity to Rathwa tribe with his art, his paintings not only have preserved the cultural heritage of God's city but it serves as inspiration for the new generation.

2. Shree Desing Rathwa

The works done by Shree Desing Rathwa have unique blend of traditional theme and modern approach. His designs consist of colorful and complex patterns that make his work distinctive. Shree Desing Rathwa has not only maintained the original forms of Pithora painting, but he has also never hesitated to show in the background of modern art. His works also have a propensity to highlight social problems that makes his literature even more pertinent.

3. Bholu Bhaiya

The paintings of Bholu Bhaiya represent agriculture, festivals, & simple lifestyle of Rathwa tribe. His work utilizes geometric design and bright colors, making his work unique. Bholu Bhaiya has saved the methods of Pithora painting through his paintings and his art is tangible with cultural ethos of the Rathwa tribe. His works have also sought to place traditional representations in today’s atmosphere - spreading this art even more.

4. Divyanshu Bhaiya

He includes modern topics in his painting. In addition to the traditional Pithora painting, he has depicted ecological and social themes. His style is a combination of the classic with a modern touch; which is appealing to the modern generation. "It is not just significant as art, but also to reach the society for creating awareness," Divyanshu.
These eminent Pithora artists while preserving the art have actually expanded and enhanced this art. Their style and depiction indicate that Pithora painting is a non-static and dynamic art rather than a traditional art. And so, the role of these artist becomes very important and relevant in the retention of the cultural identity of Rathwa tribe and for that matter also the present form of Pithora painting.

Differences between Traditional and Modern Pithora Paintings

The traditional medium of Pithora paintings, which form the very fabric of Rathwa tribal culture, has been enjoying its endeavour of growth. There are several significant differences in traditional and later Pithora: technique, subject, attributes, materials and the social set up.

1. Technique and Style

Natural colours play a prominent role in Pithora paintings. These paintings are drawn on walls or on clothes and are meant to be used in religious ceremonies. Typical traditional paintings are in geometric designs and various dotted designs representing the Rathwa life and belief.
In recent Pithora paintings, the artists have endeavoured to preserve the traditional methods, and at the same time to incorporate innovation into them. Today, artists use canvases, paper and other newer materials, and colour choices have multiplied. And modern paintings also pay attention to personal expression and social phenomena, so those paintings are not only of cultural representation but also issue-oriented, that they pertain to the current society.

2. Theme

Traditional Pithora paintings are representations of religious practice; worshipping of Gods and others ritual. The images also are representative of the tribe’s religious modes and they serve to pass on the cultural identity.
Contemporary pithora now portray a variety of subjects. Artists illustrate not only traditional religiosity but also introduce different segments of society, for example nature, city, society problems etc in their paintings. This indicates a new consciousness to the times without abandoning the past product that works so well and facilitates a stronger appeal to the audience.

3. Materials used

Natural colors and materials like clay, plant dyes and minerals are used in the pithora paintings of the past. "These colors give the painting endurance and depth, a longevity."
Modern Pithora painting uses not only the traditional colours but also aerosol, acrylic and others modern colours. This assortment of materials revives the picture and renders it more interesting to the viewer of today.
Not only technique and medium, but themes and social purposes have been transformed in the shift from the earlier one to the present form of painting, the traditional and the modern Pithora painting. Traditional painting has been the carrier of the religious and cultural identity of the Rathwas, Modern painting has added a new dimension to it by linking it to present day life for which the village now provides a market.

Conclusion

The Pithora paintings, an important identity mark of the Rathwa tribe mainly found in Gujarat, is an art that has found its space not just in the world of art, but also in culture, tradition and religiosity. Life, Faith and Social Structures of the Rathwas This painting depicts rathwa tribal life, faith and social system. Finally, I would like to sum-up the features, the historical significance and the continuing relevance of the Pithora painting.
Pithora paintings are an outcome of the cultural and religious practices of the Rathwa tribal people. This art mostly illustrate the social life of the farming and herding communities, the worship of the deities and the ceremony of traditional rituals. The pictures are full of dotting and line, the trademarks of this art. Its not only an art form but, it displays the social and religious identity of the Rathwa tribal people.
There is profound religious connotation to the pithora painting. The Rathwa tribe believes in Pithora Devta oriental deity for their protection, benediction, and success. It is not only the religious faith that is depicted in the paintings but the cultural legacy of the tribe is also reflected. The paintings are kept in use in religious ceremonies, serving as a link between different domains of life.
Natural colour which is basically extract of soil and plant is used for Pithora paintings in traditional method. This art is mostly wall based, and primarily executed to serve religious purposes. Contrarily, contemporary Pithora paintings employ new methods and materials. These days, artists have canvas, paper, and so forth to paint on, so we’ve got a wide range of paintings. This transformation has not only made Pithora painting appeal to modern viewers, but it has also gained international fame.
There are many masters of pithora painting who have helped to keep this craft alive and significant. Artists like Padmashree Paresh Bhai Rathwa, Shree Desing Rathwa and Divyanshu Bhaiya have breathed a fresh life in Pithora paintings with their unique ways and techniques. Their pieces include respect for traditional gods and modern societal difficulties, so that this art is not only a cultural identity, but it transcends into solutions to contemporary problems.
Pithora painting has gained further significance in recent times. Various associations and artists have tried to conserve and promote this art form. Drawing more attention to this traditional art, pithora painting has grown beyond tribal communities to the art fairs, exhibitions and education system. Other than this, some NGOs are preserving this art so that it can be passed down to the next generation.
Pithora painting represents a cultural heritage of the Rathwa tribe, but it is a dynamic art that has changed through time. It is so unique because of its historical, religious and cultural distinction. And through this work of art, the Rathwas continue to hold on to their identity and had put in writing that identity for the posterity to read. Pithora painting is a art which not only beautify the paintings but it also reflects the rich Humanity and culture of ones understanding in mankind.
Therefore, Pithora Painting is an art rich and varied in Rathwa tribes and is instrumental in maintaining their cultural identity. The fact that it has been of use in this century and the work done to the purpose of its development make it to be an inheritance of great value that will be legacy to our posterity.