Banam is the one-string bowed instrument that has been there in the tribal community of Bihar, namely Santhal. This is made entirely out of wood with rich resonant tones generated by a single gut string played with a bow. This is one instrument that has a lot to be effective in Santhal folklore and rituals, and then it goes to story-telling, worship, and finally to all kinds of social gatherings. The Santhals are the oldest tribe of India and have maintained the Banam as well. They play it in their festivals, during tribal dances—mostly grouped with songs narrating myths, historical events, and community battles.
Varieties of Banam exist, differing in varying shapes and sizes, with some showing carved features of animals or tribal motifs, all demonstrating the craftsmanship inherent in Santhal artisans. Its application is that it plays music. Beyond that, the Banam has spiritual significance and used to be used for healing rituals and sacred ceremonies. Modernity threatens to extinguish it, however. Researchers, museums, and folk music festivals are trying to revive and preserve this rare tribal heritage.